Tailstock

A tailstock is the movable component at the opposite end of a lathe bed from the headstock (which holds the chuck). Its primary purpose is to support long workpieces by pressing a centre into a drilled hole at the free end, preventing the workpiece from deflecting under cutting forces.

How it works

The tailstock slides along the lathe bed and can be locked in position at any point. It contains a spindle that can be advanced or retracted with a handwheel. A live centre (which rotates freely on bearings) or a dead centre (which does not rotate) is inserted into the tailstock spindle and pressed into a centre hole drilled in the end of the workpiece. This supports the workpiece between two points — the chuck at one end and the centre at the other — allowing it to rotate freely without wobbling.

Additional uses

Beyond supporting workpieces, the tailstock can hold:

• Drill chucks: For drilling centre holes in workpieces before turning.
• Reamers: For finishing holes to precise diameters.
• Taps: For cutting internal threads in a workpiece held in the chuck.

Live centre vs. dead centre

A live centre has bearings that allow the point to rotate with the workpiece, reducing friction and heat. A dead centre does not rotate — it relies on lubrication to prevent scoring. Live centres are used for most turning operations; dead centres are used in precision work or when the tailstock must remain stationary.